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Cell Biology Basics
16 cards · shared by Brainfy · free spaced-repetition study
Core cell biology — organelles and key processes. Great for biology and AP Bio review.
What's in this deck
Nucleus
Stores the cell's DNA and controls gene expression
Mitochondrion
Produces ATP through cellular respiration (the "powerhouse")
Ribosome
Site of protein synthesis
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesizes and folds proteins (studded with ribosomes)
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesizes lipids and detoxifies chemicals
Golgi apparatus
Modifies, packages, and ships proteins and lipids
Lysosome
Contains enzymes that break down waste and cellular debris
Chloroplast
Conducts photosynthesis in plant cells
Cell membrane
Selectively controls what enters and leaves the cell
Cell wall
Rigid outer layer in plants, fungi, and bacteria for support
Cytoplasm
Gel-like fluid where organelles are suspended
Vacuole
Stores water, nutrients, and waste (large in plant cells)
Cytoskeleton
Network of fibers that gives the cell shape and support
Prokaryote vs. eukaryote
Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus; eukaryotes have one
ATP
The cell's main energy-carrying molecule
Photosynthesis
Converts light energy, CO₂, and water into glucose and oxygen