Organic Chemistry: Functional Groups

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Recognize the key functional groups in organic chemistry by structure and name.

What's in this deck

Hydroxyl group (–OH)

Alcohol

Carbonyl within a carbon chain (C=O)

Ketone

Carbonyl at the end of a chain (–CHO)

Aldehyde

Carboxyl group (–COOH)

Carboxylic acid

Amino group (–NH₂)

Amine

–COO– linkage

Ester

R–O–R linkage

Ether

–CONH₂ group

Amide

R–X (X = F, Cl, Br, I)

Alkyl halide (haloalkane)

Benzene-based ring (C₆H₅–)

Aromatic / phenyl group

Alkane

Hydrocarbon with only single C–C bonds (saturated)

Alkene

Contains a carbon–carbon double bond (C=C)

Alkyne

Contains a carbon–carbon triple bond (C≡C)

Saturated vs. unsaturated

Saturated = only single bonds; unsaturated = has double or triple bonds

Isomers

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures

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